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تاریخچه پیدایش کامپیوتر
کامپیوتر یکی از پدیدههای فنآوری است که تمام جنبههای زندگی ما را تحت تاثیر قرار دادهاست. کامپیوتر از کلمه Compute در زبان انگلیسی به معنای محاسب و شمارنده گرفته شدهاست. در ۱۹۳۷ اولین کامپیوتر دیجتالی الکترونیکی جهان به نام ABC ساخته شد. این ماشین گرچه قابل برنامه ریزی نبود اما برای حل معدلات خطی استفاده میشد. به دلیل ابتدایی بودن ABC خیلی زود کامپیوترهای دیگر جایگزین آن شدند.
تاریخچه کامپیوتر
نخستین ماشین محاسبه ماشین مکانیکی سادهای بود که بلز پاسکال آن را ساخته بود و به وسیله چند اهرم و چرخ دنده، میتوانست عملیات جمع و تفریق را انجام بدهد. پس از آن لایب نیتز با افزودن چند چرخ دنده به ماشین پاسکال ماشینی ساخت که میتوانست ضرب و تقسیم را هم انجام بدهد و آن را (ماشین حساب) نامید.
بعدها چارلز بابیج ماشینی برای محاسبه چند جمله ایها ابداع کرد که آن را ماشین تفاضلی نامیدند و سپس به فکر ساخت وسیلهی محاسباتی کاملتری افتاد که میشد به آن (برنامه) داد این ماشین شباهت فراوانی به کامپیوترهای امروزی داشت و به همین دلیل نام بابیج به عنوان پدر کامپیوتر در تاریخ باقی مانده است.
در گذشته دستگاههای مختلف مکانیکی سادهای مثل خطکش محاسبه و چرتکه، نیز کامپیوتر خوانده میشدند. در برخی موارد از آنها بهعنوان کامپیوتر آنالوگ نام برده میشود. چراکه برخلاف کامپیوتر رقمی، اعداد را نه بهصورت اعداد در پایه دو بلکه بهصورت کمیتهای فیزیکی متناظر با آن اعداد نمایش میدهند. چیزی که امروزه از آن بهعنوان «کامپیوتر» یاد میشود در گذشته به عنوان «کامپیوتر رقمی (دیجیتال) » یاد میشد تا آنها را از انواع «کامپیوتر آنالوگ» جدا سازند.
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